Which vectors are associated with transmitting encephalitis as described?

• A. Ticks and mosquitoes
• B. Fleas and lice
• C. Snails and slugs
• D. Mosquitoes and cockroaches

Answer: (A)

Encephalitis is typically spread by arthropod vectors that carry viral agents and transmit them to humans during feeding. Ticks can transmit tick-borne encephalitis and related viruses, while mosquitoes carry a variety of encephalitic viruses such as West Nile and Japanese encephalitis. Because of this, the vectors most commonly associated with transmitting encephalitis are ticks and mosquitoes. The other pairings don’t fit: fleas and lice mainly transmit diseases like plague or typhus, snails and slugs are hosts for certain parasites but not encephalitis, and cockroaches are not known vectors for these viruses.